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Don’t Panic: Your Multi-Lingual Guide to Calling 110 & 119 Emergencies in Japan (Even in Winter)

Traveling in Japan is a unique experience, but the thought of an emergency can bring anxiety, especially when a language barrier exists. What if you need police? What if someone is injured? How do you get help in a winter accident? This comprehensive guide removes that friction, providing practical, step-by-step instructions on how to access Japan’s emergency services (110 for police, 119 for fire/ambulance) with multi-lingual support, and how to stay safe during the colder months.

Understanding Japan emergency call procedures is crucial for any international visitor. You’ll learn essential phrases, what information to provide, and critical winter safety precautions to ensure your trip remains safe and enjoyable.

The Language Challenge: Bridging the Gap in Emergencies

One of the primary concerns for international visitors during an emergency in Japan is the language barrier. Communicating critical information accurately and quickly can feel impossible if you don’t speak Japanese. This uncertainty can lead to delays in receiving help, misinterpretations of your situation, and increased stress.

Beyond language, many visitors are simply unsure about the correct emergency numbers or the specific information required by Japanese operators. This lack of preparation can exacerbate an already difficult situation. However, emergency services in Japan are prepared to assist foreign nationals, and understanding their process is key to a smooth interaction.

How to Call 110 (Police) or 119 (Fire/Ambulance) in Japan: A Step-by-Step Guide

Accessing emergency services in Japan is straightforward once you know the numbers and the process. These services are equipped to handle calls from non-Japanese speakers. Remember, your call is free from any phone (landline, mobile, or public phone).

Police: Dial 110 (Hyakutouban)

Call 110 for:

• Crimes (theft, assault, harassment)
• Traffic accidents
• Immediate police assistance

Fire & Ambulance: Dial 119 (Hyaku Juukyuu)

Call 119 for:

• Fires
• Medical emergencies (injuries, sudden illness, unresponsive person)
• Urgent rescue operations

The Calling Process: What to Expect

1. Dial the Number: From any phone, dial 110 for Police or 119 for Fire/Ambulance.

   🎯 Local Pro-Tip: If you are unsure whether your situation requires police or ambulance, call 119 first for medical emergencies. Operators can typically transfer you if police are needed instead, or coordinate between services. For a crime with no immediate injury, 110 is the direct route.

2. Speak Clearly for an Interpreter: When the operator answers, immediately and clearly state: “English please” (Eigo o onegai shimasu) or “Interpreter please” (Tsūyaku o onegai shimasu). Multi-lingual support is widely available, including English, Chinese, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish.

   Visual cue: The phone interface might show “110” or “119” prominently. Remain calm and patient as the interpreter is connected. This connection may cause a slight delay.

3. Provide Key Information: Once the interpreter is connected, calmly provide the following details:

   • WHAT happened: Briefly describe the emergency (e.g., “I witnessed a car accident,” “My friend has fallen and cannot move,” “There’s smoke coming from the building”).
   • WHERE it happened: This is critical. Provide the exact address if you have it. If not, give prominent landmarks, the nearest train station, or use your smartphone’s GPS to get coordinates or the current address. Look for street signs (often in Japanese and Roman characters), building names, or recognizable store names like ‘7-Eleven’ or ‘FamilyMart’.
   • WHO is involved: Number of people, their approximate age, condition, and any obvious injuries. For yourself, mention any pre-existing medical conditions or allergies if relevant.
   • WHEN it happened: State if the incident is ongoing or when it occurred.

   Visual cue: Use your phone’s map app to quickly pinpoint your location. Look for distinct building architecture or store logos. Small police boxes (交番 – kōban) are also helpful location markers, often with a red light.

   

4. Stay on the Line: Do not hang up until the operator instructs you to do so. They may need more information, or they might guide responders to your precise location.

5. Follow Instructions: Listen carefully to any instructions given by the operator or interpreter.

For more official information, refer to the National Police Agency of Japan and Tokyo Fire Department (which includes ambulance services).

🇯🇵 Point & Speak: Essential Japanese Emergency Phrases

While interpreters are available, knowing a few key Japanese phrases can expedite the initial communication or assist in situations where an interpreter is briefly unavailable. You can also show these phrases to a local if you need help calling.

Winter Safety in Japan: Preventing Cold Weather Emergencies

Japan’s winters, especially in regions like Hokkaido, Tohoku, and the Japan Alps, can be severe. Beautiful snowy landscapes also bring specific hazards. Being prepared for winter-specific incidents is an essential part of Japan tourist safety.

Common Winter-Specific Emergencies

• Slips and Falls: Icy sidewalks and steps are common in cities and rural areas. This is a leading cause of winter injuries.
• Hypothermia and Frostbite: Prolonged exposure to cold, especially in mountainous or rural regions, can lead to these conditions. This is particularly dangerous for those unprepared for the extreme cold.
• Winter Sports Accidents: Skiing, snowboarding, and hiking in snowy conditions carry inherent risks.
• Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Can occur in poorly ventilated lodgings or vehicles using fossil fuel heaters. Ensure proper ventilation if using unvented heating appliances.

Preventative Measures for Winter Travel

• Appropriate Footwear: Wear waterproof, insulated boots with good traction. Non-slip soles are essential for navigating icy surfaces.
• Layered Clothing: Dress in multiple layers to regulate body temperature. Include thermal underwear, a warm mid-layer, and a waterproof/windproof outer shell.
• Stay Hydrated and Nourished: Your body expends more energy to stay warm in cold weather.
• Check Weather and Avalanche Warnings: Before engaging in winter sports or hiking, check local forecasts and warnings, especially in mountainous areas.
• Carry Emergency Gear: If venturing into remote or snowy areas, carry essentials like a fully charged mobile phone (cold drains batteries faster), a power bank, emergency thermal blankets, hand warmers, water, and high-energy snacks.
• Know Your Limits: Do not overexert yourself in cold conditions. Be aware of signs of hypothermia (shivering, confusion, drowsiness) and frostbite (numbness, pale skin).

What to Prepare: Your Emergency Checklist

Proactive preparation significantly reduces panic and improves outcomes during an emergency in Japan. This goes beyond just knowing the Japan emergency call numbers.

• Save Emergency Numbers: Program 110 (Police), 119 (Fire/Ambulance), and your country’s embassy emergency line into your phone contacts. Include your hotel’s contact information.
• Know Your Location:
  • Always have your accommodation’s full address written down in both English and Japanese.
  • Regularly use mapping apps (Google Maps, Apple Maps) to orient yourself. This helps you identify street names and prominent landmarks (e.g., specific convenience stores, banks, train stations).
  • Look for street signs that often display addresses in both Japanese characters and Roman characters.
• Medical Information Card: Carry a small card with essential medical information:
  • Your name, date of birth, and blood type.
  • Known allergies (medications, food).
  • Existing medical conditions (diabetes, heart conditions).
  • Regular medications you take.
  • Emergency contact person (with phone number and country code).
  • Consider having this information translated into basic Japanese.
• Translation Apps: Download offline translation apps (e.g., Google Translate, DeepL) that can help with basic communication when an interpreter is not yet connected.
• Travel Insurance Details: Keep a physical and digital copy of your travel insurance policy details, including contact numbers for emergency assistance.

Understanding the Costs: Ambulance & Medical Fees

While calling 110 or 119 is free in Japan, it’s important to understand the financial implications beyond the call itself.

Travel Insurance is Highly Recommended: Comprehensive travel insurance that covers emergency medical treatment, hospitalization, and potential emergency evacuation is crucial. Without it, you will be responsible for 100% of the medical costs, which can quickly accumulate into a significant financial burden. Ensure your policy covers winter sports if you plan to participate.

Consider linking to an article on “Travel insurance for Japan: Medical coverage and emergency evacuation” for further details.

🚨 Emergency Contacts: At Your Fingertips

Keep these numbers handy. They are your direct line to help.

🎯 Local Pro-Tips for Peace of Mind

🎯 Local Pro-Tip: Before you even leave, save the JNTO (Japan National Tourism Organization) “JAPAN SAFE TRAVEL” app to your phone. It provides real-time disaster and emergency information, including evacuation advisories and medical facility information, in multiple languages. It’s a lifesaver for all types of emergencies.

🎯 Local Pro-Tip: Consider carrying a small, portable power bank for your smartphone, especially during winter months. Cold weather can drastically reduce battery life, and a dead phone is useless in an emergency.

🎯 Local Pro-Tip: For non-urgent medical needs, look for hospitals or clinics listed on the JNTO Emergency Information page or consult your hotel concierge. They can often direct you to facilities with English-speaking staff.

Common Mistakes to Avoid During a Japanese Emergency Call

Being aware of these common pitfalls can improve your emergency response efficiency:

• Panicking and Mumbling: While natural, try to take a deep breath. Speak slowly and clearly, especially when asking for an interpreter.
• Hanging Up Prematurely: Never hang up until the operator tells you to. They may need to gather more information or provide instructions.
• Not Knowing Your Location: This is the most crucial piece of information. Relying solely on vague descriptions like “near the big building” can delay help. Use your phone’s GPS for precise details.
• Assuming Services are Free: While the call is free, medical treatment, transport, and hospital stays are not. Always have travel insurance.
• Calling 110 for Medical Needs: Call 119 for medical emergencies, not 110. Knowing the distinction saves valuable time.

📋 Quick Reference Card: Your Go-To Emergency Guide

Screenshot or print this section for easy access and Japan tourist safety:

Frequently Asked Questions

Conclusion

Navigating an emergency in a foreign country can be daunting, but with this guide, you are now equipped with the practical knowledge to handle situations in Japan requiring police, fire, or ambulance services. Understanding the 110 and 119 system, preparing key information, and taking proactive winter safety measures reduces stress and ensures effective communication, even with a language barrier. Your safety is paramount.

Stay informed, stay prepared, and enjoy your travels in Japan with greater peace of mind. For more safety tips, explore our other Japan Safety articles.

Disclaimer

This guide provides general information for international visitors. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy as of January 2026, regulations and services can change. Always prioritize the instructions given by emergency service operators. This information is not a substitute for professional medical or legal advice. Comprehensive travel insurance is strongly recommended for all international travel to Japan.